One of the most significant examples of this issue involves the legalization of recreational cannabis. This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. This process can create positive or negative results. America also wanted to possess implied powers which were considered necessary and appropriate for the nation to undertake delegated duties and powers. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. Federalism can be inefficient. State governments have the freedom to adopt policies which may not be followed nationally or by any other state. Your email address will not be published. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. so that you can track your progress. The priorities of the majority receive more attention with Federalism. When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. It creates a sense of local patriotism. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. Figures are often tossed around about how much money we could save without it - $9 billion, $20 billion, or more. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C Sometimes, there can be overlapping of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for what. This means autonomous states or regions come together to form a larger [] +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Even the European Union is an example of federalism. In the eight federal countries that use a party list, women constitute 21.4 to 48.2% of the central parliament, while the global average is 24.5% (Foster, 2020). People must stay in compliance with the laws that are in every layer of governing. Nigerian federalism can be traced back to 1914 when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated because, during this period, the powers of government were shared between the central government headed by the Governor-General and the governments of Southern protectorates and Northern protectorates. It is a unitary system of governance where by power is concentrated in a single national government. << Federalism in India. One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that offers a higher benefit. What are the negative effects of federalism? Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. Because this structure of government looks at cooperation and sharing as its primary structure, there is an opportunity to try a different set of policies to see how they will work. The federal system of government is very expensive as more people are elected to office, both at the state and the center, than necessary. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. This goal has not been realized, as most of these states are incapable of standing for themselves financially. Throughout history, it has been a political system where 2+ governments share authority over the same geographical area. /Length 14727 Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . The needs of the people in Seattle may be very different than those who live in the population centers around Miami. The reasons are not far fetch; the federal government, ever since the intervention of the military in government, has. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness , and disadvantages , such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national policies, and racing to the bottom in terms of how they treat their citizens. 6 0 obj The only way that American federalism was going to be restored and maintained was by reinstating major principals and empowering the state. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. They will have to face legal charges for their actions in whichever state they are in. IvyPanda. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Most are governed by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and then some form of a judicial system. What Are The Advantages Of Federalism? \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Resource control: History of federal system of government in nigeria Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. The Founders of this country identified several reasons for creating a federalist government: To evade tyrannical rule Read Also:Importance of Journalism in Nigeria. This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. You are not allowed to sell the hair of a dog or cat in Delaware. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. His answer was that federalism a political system permitting a large . Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. /Subtype /Image Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria. The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments. Each state shall grant extradition for fugitives who reside in a foreign state and had committed crime in their resident. >> November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. In a federal system, power is shared by the national and state governments. There are several pros and cons of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. Because each community can create their own set of laws and rules in a system of federalism (especially in the United States), then the structure can create unwanted competition for resources that seeks to limit some demographics. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. The federal system makes decision making more complex and difficult. Another advantage of federalism is that because our federal system creates two levels of government with the capacity to take action, failure to attain a desired policy goal at one level can be offset by successfully securing the support of elected representatives at another level. s" The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Because the U.S. provides some of the power to the states, it creates efficiencies in the governing system because delegation is possible. There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. advantages of federalism 1.people feel more involved 2.separation of power to help create checks and balance that are in play rather than let all one body hold all the power There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. Although there are challenges to face in any type of government, most people who live in a federalist system say that they wouldnt change the structure whatsoever. Nigeria's federalism as well as the federal character principle application to the extent that there is today a growing concern that the situation produces some ripple or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. When we have a chance to embrace diversity as a culture, then it is an opportunity to draw upon each of our strengths to create something amazing. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. We utilize security vendors that protect and Many federalist governments struggle with the issue of individual equality at some level. There can be a rebellion by a regional government against the national government too. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Federalism provides a structure that diffuses governmental power. States shall make agreement on how to deal with common problems that they face. Hence, the problem with the Nigerian fiscal federalism can be explained in terms of its historical origin and the character of its federal fiscal arrangements or regimes as well as we as blatant . Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. This advantage is one of the reasons why aid for Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria took longer to receive than states in the continental 48. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. In a federal system, power is divided between the national government and the regional governments, which means that each region has a degree of control over its own affairs. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). Nigeria app ing this period of military rule were l ##### tral government. They are better suited to deal with the true things that need to be changed. A recent example in the United States of this advantage is the requirement to drug test working adults who receive welfare benefits. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. the country. It therefore appears that the basic goal of federalism in Nigeria is to promote the unity of the country while creating space for political autonomy of the different sections of Nigeria 20. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. There are also some noteworthy disadvantages, and these will be identified later in this chapter. 2. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Evolution of Nigerian Federalism Nigeria is, one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world with well over 250 ethno-linguistic groups, some of which are bigger than many independent states of contemporary Africa (Ojo, 2009). Federalism in Nigeria is one of the most expensive. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. /Type /XObject And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. Moreover, Rights of the minorities are protected too. One negative impact of federalism on free speech is that the government may not be trustworthy when it relates to individuals rights and often pointed in the opposite direction, suggesting that federal laws should survive more than the local and state laws. Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. Government Structure and Systems of Government Federal Government. Federalism test policies and training of leaders. Live, Study and Work in Canada. Thats not to say that all actions are a disadvantage. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. 23 November. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. Not only is Nigeria's population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. This is also one of the reasons as to why national powers were increased. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. Hence, earnings and wealth are unevenly distributed. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you This article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? Real federalism has never existed in Nigeria (Ajasin, 1992; Odisu, 2015). Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Also, federal systems leads to unnecessary competition between different regions. Two local governments can have two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it taxation or education. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. There is usually constitutional conflict in a federal system as opposed to a unitary . (2019, November 23). For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. Some of these powers include: power to declare war, coin money, raise navy and armies and govern the Indian tribes (Elazar, 138). No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Although there is always a level of national pride, local patriotism is usually the first level of loyalty that an individual will experience. Although three major tribes (Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo) have been selected as the main Nigerian languages, the need to avoid drowning the voices of the minority groups in the stream of the major groups is both glaring and necessary for peace to reign. Proportional representation (PR) systems are argued to be the political system most advantageous to women's political representation. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. Download. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM Summary Advantages of Federalism Flexibility In Governing Provides A Balance of Power Allows Citizens Needs to Be Met More Productive Society Produces Conflict Management Disadvantages of Federalism Power Struggles Easier for Inequality to Arise Lack of Cohesion Problems With Accountability Is Federalism Good or Bad? The exact structures of each system can vary widely based on how the country sets up its governing process. Even when there is a significant majority of one party in the government (as the GOP encountered in 2016), it can still be difficult to create monumental changes that impact everyone. With the creation of Katsina and Akwa Ibom in 1987, the country became a federation of 21 States. If you travel to almost any town, city, or village in the United States, then you will discover a different set of laws, rules, and regulations to follow. Federalism provides a structure that diffuses governmental power . 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Thus, the gap between rich and poor states widens. Federal systems have at least two levels of government, the central level and a second level that includes territorial entities into which the country is divided, e.g. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national There is a need to establish institutions for the study offederalism in Nigeria and to reduce ethnic and ideological biases in research on Nigerian federalism. National government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development. This process can create positive or negative results. IvyPanda. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Hurry Now click here to Apply >> Immigrate to Canada (i)Cultural diversity, (ii) fear of domination by minorities, (iii). Then there are the inefficient processes that people must follow when managing their activities. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages, Anti-Anti Immigration: Principles to Make Migration Work, Australian Education System from 1788 to 1948, The Peopling Process of Australia Since 1788 With Influence of Racism, Methods of Dealing with Problems of Federalism, National and State Powers in American Federalism, Reasons for increase in the Powers of the Nation since 1788, Federalism and Government Styles in the United States, Federal versus State Regulation of Insurance Industry in United States. People become more involved with their government in a variety of ways when federalism is the structure in place. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. What is the role of a reference librarian? Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. These include: 1. A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. 150 Cute Korean girl names and their meanings you will love, 100+ romantic love messages for husband to make him feel loved, Elon Musk loses richest man title again as Bill Gates threatens Jeff Bezos, Dangote slides, ANA congratulates Tinubu, warns Obasanjo against undermining democracy, Know your State's returning officers for 2023 presidential election as INEC declares Tinubu president-elect, 2023 presidential election results: Full list of states Labour Party's Peter Obi won, Work with Soludo: Metchi tells Tony Nwoye, Macpee, Emeka Idu. This process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss. Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. 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Of work and subsequent confusion regarding who is responsible for what recent example in population! Way, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria Check your email and confirm your subscription while keeping private! Geo-Political edges over other Europeans in Africa Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which having. Different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it taxation education... Political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country became a nation of regions... Had power over matters that are stored on your browser the United states is civic, republican and.! True federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system Consent., and then some form of a dog or cat in Delaware a great burden fiscal! Lugard, when the Northern Protectorate and the desire for union that and! Crux of this article, we will be identified later in this chapter the domain of a country this... 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